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E P I C A l e r t
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Volume 17.14 July 22, 2010
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Published by the
Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC)
Washington, D.C.
http://www.epic.org/alert/epic_alert_1714.html
"Defend Privacy. Support EPIC."
http://epic.org/donate
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Table of Contents
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[1] EPIC Urges Court to Suspend DHS's Full Body Scanner Program
[2] EPIC Testifies Before Congress on Smartgrid Privacy
[3] EPIC
Urges FTC to Strengthen Children's Privacy Rule
[4] EPIC Testifies in Congress on Cybersecurity
[5] EPIC Requests Records Regarding
NSA's "Perfect Citizen" Program
[6] Privacy Polls Pose Problems for DHS and Facebook
[7] News in Brief
[8] Upcoming Conferences and
Events
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[1] EPIC Urges Court to Suspend DHS's Full Body Scanner Program
=======================================================================
EPIC has filed an emergency stay and a petition for review urging the
District of Columbia Court of Appeals to suspend the Transportation
Security Administration's (TSA) Full Body Scanner program. EPIC has
criticized the body scanner program for its violations of passengers'
rights under the Fourth Amendment, the Religious Freedom Restoration
Act, and the Privacy Act. In addition, EPIC's filings demonstrate how
TSA has failed to comply with its obligations under the Administrative
Procedures Act.
The TSA has consistently failed to respond to EPIC's concerns regarding
the body scanner program. The TSA did not
respond to an EPIC petition
for public rulemaking in May 2009; in April 2010, EPIC again petitioned
the TSA to suspend the program,
but the TSA again failed to grant or
deny EPIC's request. In addition, the TSA has misrepresented the
capabilities of the body scanners
in the past. The TSA initially
claimed that the scanners were unable to save images of scanned
passengers, which was later proven
false by TSA photographs released
under a FOIA request filed by EPIC.
In response to EPIC's motion, the TSA filed an opposition.
In its reply
to TSA's opposition, EPIC highlighted the growing concerns amongst
individuals and public interest groups in the United
States regarding
the body scanner program, as reported by USA Today and other papers. By
escalating the body scanner program to a
primary method of search, the
TSA is subjecting passengers to overly invasive, dangerous methods of
screening without cause. Such
scans are also being inconsistently
applied by the TSA, which has failed to consistently provide
alternative screening methods.
EPIC's efforts to suspend the deployment of the full body scanner
program occur as USA Today reported in a front-page story growing
opposition among travelers to the program. The article highlighted
traveler opposition to full body scanners on both health and
privacy
grounds.
EPIC: Petition for Review
http://epic.org/privacy/litigation/EPIC_v_DHS_Petition.pdf
EPIC: Motion for Emergency Stay of the Full Body Scanner Program
http://epic.org/privacy/litigation/EPIC_v_DHS_Motion.pdf
DHS: Opposition to EPIC's Motion for Emergency Stay
http://epic.org/privacy/body_scanners/EPIC_Motion_DHS_Opp.pdf
EPIC: Reply in EPIC v. DHS
http://epic.org/privacy/backscatter/EPIC_reply_final.pdf
EPIC and Coalition: Letter Urging House Committee on Homeland Security
to Investigate DHS Privacy Office
http://epic.org/security/DHS_CPO_Priv_Coal_Letter.pdf
EPIC: Petition to DHS to Suspend FBS Program
http://epic.org/privacy/airtravel/backscatter/petition_042110.pdf
USA Today: Backlash Grows Against Full Body Scanners in Airports:
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210usatodayarticle.html
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[2] EPIC Testifies Before Congress on Smartgrid Privacy
=======================================================================
On July 1, 2010, Associate Director of EPIC Lillie Coney
testified
before the House Committee on Science and Technology's Subcommittee on
Technology and Innovation. In her prepared remarks
for the hearing,
“Smart Grid Architecture and Standards: Assessing Coordination and
Progress,” Ms. Coney made clear that
the “basic architecture of the
Smart Grid presents several thorny privacy issues.” Not only do smart
meters and appliances
transmitting user data wirelessly introduce
threats to consumer privacy, the absence of strong security and privacy
standards creates
risk of identity theft, unauthorized access to
personal data, and individual surveillance.
The term “Smart Grid” encompasses
a host of inter-related technologies
rapidly moving into public use to reduce or better manage electricity
consumption. These smart
grid systems are multi-directional
communications and energy transfer networks that enable electricity
service providers, consumers,
or third party energy management
assistance programs to access consumption data. As such there are
numerous privacy implications
including identity theft, real-time
surveillance, targeted home invasions, activity censorship, and
profiling.
On December 19, 2007,
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
was enacted as Public Law 110-140 and directed that Smart Grid
technology be studied
for its potential "to maintain a reliable and
secure electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth."
The National
Institute of Standards and Technology is currently in
charge of coordinating industry and governmental efforts to develop a
common
framework and interoperability standards.
The Subcommittee Chairman David Wu (D-OR) recognized the importance of
coordinating and
setting interoperability standards that will ensure
the security of a smart grid system. In a press release for the
hearing, Representative
Wu said that because of “the scale and
complexity” of the nation's electric grid, it is “imperative that those
involved in developing and using the smart grid share a common
technical view-or framework-of the system.”
EPIC previously
submitted comments to the National Institute of
Standards and Technology and to the Public Utility Commission of
California on urging
them to implement robust privacy protections in
the Smart Grid.
EPIC: The Smart Grid and Privacy
http://epic.org/privacy/smartgrid/smartgrid.html
Subcommittee Discusses Progress in Smart Grid Standards
http://science.house.gov/press/PRArticle.aspx?NewsID=2873
EPIC: Comments to Subcommittee
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210smartgridtest.html
EPIC: Comments to National Institute of Standards and Technology
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210smartgridcmmt.html
Comments to the Public Utility of the State of California
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210epicsmgrdcmmts.html
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 / Public Law 110-140
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210energyact.html
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[3] EPIC Urges FTC to Strengthen Children's Privacy Rule
=======================================================================
On July 9, EPIC filed comments urging the Federal Trade
Commission to
improve the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) Rule. The
COPPA Rule is the principal federal protection
for children's privacy,
and limits how companies may collect and disclose children's personal
information. Currently, the COPPA Rule
applies to operators of websites
directed at or collecting information from children under 13 years old.
It requires operators to
post privacy policies, inform parents about
data gathering practices, provide access to such data, and allow
parents to opt-out of
data collection entirely.
In the comments, EPIC lauds the COPPA Rule for benefitting children,
parents, and operators alike. However,
changing technology has
undermined aspects of it. "The need for the COPPA Rule has become
increasingly urgent in light of new business
practices and recent
technological developments, such as social networking sites and mobile
devices," EPIC wrote. "Existing provisions
need to be strengthened and
new provisions need to be added."
EPIC makes several concrete recommendations. In particular, the burden
of interpreting the operators' policies should be shifted from
consumers to operators. The FTC should pursue COPPA violators with
more
vigor. And existing definitions should be updated to include new
technologies like social networking sites and the accessibility
of
geolocation data. Furthermore, rather than preempting state laws, the
"Rule should be structured to encourage state initiatives
that protect
children's privacy."
In April, EPIC testified before Congress concerning children's privacy.
Stressing that "the single
biggest change impacting the privacy of
children since the adoption of COPPA has been the emergence of social
network services,"
Executive Director Marc Rotenberg called for
Congress to update legislation and for the FTC to strengthen its
enforcement of COPPA.
Childrens' Online Privacy Protection Act Rule
http://www.ftc.gov/privacy/privacyinitiatives/childrens.html
EPIC: Comments on COPPA
http://epic.org/privacy/ftc/COPPA_070910.pdf
EPIC: April 2010 Congressional Testimony:
http://epic.org/privacy/kids/EPIC_COPPA_Testimony_042910.pdf
EPIC: COPPA
http://epic.org/privacy/kids/
EPIC: FTC
http://epic.org/privacy/internet/ftc/
=======================================================================
[4] EPIC Testifies in Congress on Cybersecurity
=======================================================================
On Thursday, EPIC Executive Director Marc Rotenberg testified before
the House Committee on Science and Technology on Planning for
the
Future of Cyber Attack Attribution. The hearing was one in a series
that the Subcommittee on Technology & Innovation has held
on ways to
protect the US's cyber infrastructure.
Prior to the hearing, the subcommittee expressed concern that the
country's growing
reliance on networks has made it more vulnerable to
cyber attacks. The purpose of Thursday's hearing was to hear from
experts about
whether attribution technologies can play a role in
deterring potential cyber aggressors. The subcommittee was also
interested in
how widespread deployment of attribution technologies
might harm the anonymity and privacy of internet users.
The witnesses at the
hearing took a generally cautious stance on
further deployment of attribution technologies. Robert Knake, an
International Affairs
Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations,
testified that the attribution problem has been overstated. In most
cases, the source
of an attack can be determined relatively and what is
lacking are response options. Other witnesses noted that the ability to
pinpoint
a specific cyber assailant is not a realistic possibility in
the foreseeable future and, even if it were, the privacy concerns
raised
by the solution would be untenable to many Americans.
In his prepared statement, Mr. Rotenberg discussed how attribution
requirements
implicate human rights and online freedom, and questioned
the constitutionality of such measures. He explained that while
attribution
requirements might be used to address cyber security
concerns, they could also be used to track the activities of citizens
and crack
down on controversial political views, violating the First
Amendment's right to speak anonymously. Mr. Rotenberg also pointed out
that attribution will most likely fail to identify sophisticated cyber
attackers who obscure their trail by routing their online
activities
through multiple countries.
EPIC recommended that cybersecurity efforts continue to focus on
improving security standards,
deploying encryption, and requiring
federal agencies to remain transparent as they develop cyber security
policies.
EPIC Testimony
to House Committee on Science and Technology
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210epictestimony.html
Hearing on Planning for the Future of Cyber Attack Attribution
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210househearing.html
House Committee on Science and Technology
http://science.house.gov/
EPIC: Cybersecurity Privacy Practical Implications
http://epic.org/privacy/cybersecurity/
=======================================================================
[5] EPIC Requests Records Regarding NSA's "Perfect Citizen"
Program
=======================================================================
On July 15, 2010, EPIC filed a Freedom of Information Act request with
the National Security Agency seeking records regarding its recently
discovered "Perfect Citizen" surveillance program.
"Perfect Citizen"
was first revealed to the public in a July 8th Wall Street Journal
articled entitled "U.S. Plans Cyber Shield for
Utilities, Companies."
According to the article's anonymous sources, the National Security
Agency recently completed a contract with
Raytheon Corporation for the
initial phase of the program to develop "a set of sensors deployed in
computer networks for critical
infrastructure that would be triggered
by unusual activity suggesting an impending cyber attack." Although one
anonymous U.S. military
official said the program's intrusion into
privacy is "no greater than what the public already endures from
traffic cameras," the
article also quotes an internal email from
Raytheon stating "Perfect Citizen is Big Brother."
In response to the Wall Street Journal
article, the National Security
Agency released a short public statement, telling the press that the
program is "purely a vulnerabilities-assessment
and
capabilities-development contract." The statement, from agency
spokeswoman Judith Emmel, continued: "There is no monitoring activity
involved, and no sensors are employed in this endeavor."
In light of the conflict between this statement and the Wall Street
Journal's
third-party reporting, EPIC filed this Freedom of Information
Act request to shed light on the true nature of the "Perfect Citizen"
program. EPIC's request seeks copies of all contracts with the
Raytheon
Corporation, all analyses, and all legal memoranda regarding "Perfect
Citizen."
The controversy over "Perfect Citizen"
comes as Congress considers
legislation to establish a new model for cybersecurity in the United
States. This legislation, if passed,
would assign responsibility for
cybersecurity with respect to civilian networks and "critical
infrastructure" to the Department of
Homeland Security rather than the
Department of Defense, of which the National Security Agency is a part.
The Department of Defense
would retain cybersecurity authority over
military networks.
"Perfect Citizen" is being funded as part of the Comprehensive National
Cybersecurity Initiative, a program the legal authority for which
remains secret. EPIC is engaged in ongoing litigation with the
National
Security Agency over a previous Freedom of Information Act request to
disclose the full text of the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity
Initiative. EPIC is also seeking further information
regarding
classified statements about cybersecurity and privacy made by General
Keith Alexander, director of the National Security
Agency and commander
of the U.S. Cyber Command.
WSJ: U.S. Plans Cyber Shield for Utilities, Companies
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210wsjarticle.html
NSA Denies It Will Spy on Utilities
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210nsadenial.html
EPIC: EPIC v. NSA
http://epic.org/privacy/nsa/epic_v_nsa.html
EPIC: Cybersecurity
http://epic.org/privacy/cybersecurity/default.html
=======================================================================
[6] Privacy Polls Pose Problems for DHS and Facebook
=======================================================================
Two new studies show DHS and Facebook performing miserably in the minds
of consumers and the public as a whole. According to a new
study by the
Ponemon Institute, public trust in the United States government's
commitment to protect privacy has fallen to a new
all-time low with the
average privacy trust score across the United States government at 38
percent, a 12 point drop from 50 percent
in 2009.
The least-trusted agencies were the National Security Agency, the
Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of
Justice, while
the top-rated government entities included the Postal Service, the
Federal Trade Commissions, and the Internal Revenue
Service.
A study by Foresee Results and the University of Michigan also show
Facebook struggling with consumer confidence issues
in the privacy
area, scoring a measly 64. The score puts Facebook "in the bottom 5
percent of all measured private sector companies
and in the same range
as airlines and cable companies."
The polling company attributed Facebook's low scores to "privacy
concerns,
frequent changes to the website, and commercialization and
advertising." Both polls indicate the value of privacy to citizens and
highlight trust as an issue that both government and private companies
must address.
The Ponemon Institute Study
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210privacystudy.html
The study by Foresee Results and the University of Michigan on Facebook
http://www.epic.org/redirect/072210facebook.html
EPIC: Public Opinion on Privacy
http://epic.org/privacy/survey/
EPIC: Facebook Privacy
http://epic.org/privacy/facebook/
=======================================================================
[7] News in Brief
=======================================================================
Federal Trade Commission Invites Public Comment on Twitter Settlement
The Federal Trade Commission is calling for public comments
on the
recent Twitter Settlement. The Commission's complaint against Twitter
charged that "serious lapses in the company's data security
allowed
hackers to obtain administrative control of Twitter." The Federal Trade
Commission found that the lax practices allowed access
to nonpublic
tweets even though the company assured users in its privacy policy that
it was "very concerned about safeguarding the
confidentiality of your
personally identifiable information." Under the terms of the
settlement, "Twitter will be barred for 20 years
from misleading
consumers about the extent to which it maintains and protects the
security, privacy, and confidentiality of nonpublic
consumer
information." Comments are due on July 26, 2009, and may be submitted
electronically or in paper form.
Federal Trade Commission
Press Release
http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2010/06/twitter.shtm
Federal Trade Commission Call for Comments
http://www.box.net/shared/sf9c9atsei
Twitter Settlement
http://ftc.gov/os/caselist/0923093/100624twitteragree.pdf
Federal Trade Commission Complaint
http://ftc.gov/os/caselist/0923093/100624twittercmpt.pdf
EPIC: Social Networking Privacy
http://epic.org/privacy/socialnet/
EPIC Seeks DHS Records on Body Scanner Health Impacts:
EPIC filed a Freedom of Information Act request with the
Department of Homeland Security for studies conducted by the agency and
third parties concerning radiation and health
testing of body scanners.
The EPIC request follows a recent report by Dr. David Brenner to the
Congressional Biomedical Caucus that
radiation exposure may be up
to twenty times greater than the DHS acknowledged. In April 2010,
several scientists urged Presidential
Science Adviser Dr. John P.
Holdren to conduct further evaluation of the health risks of body
scanners. EPIC is pursuing FOIA litigation
against the DHS regarding
full body scanners, and has also filed a lawsuit to halt the use of the
devices.
EPIC Freedom of Information Act Request
http://epic.org/privacy/backscatter/Body_Scanner_Radiation_FOIA.pdf
EPIC v. DHS
http://epic.org/privacy/airtravel/backscatter/epic_v_dhs.html
EPIC: Whole Body Imaging Technology (Body Scanners)
http://epic.org/privacy/airtravel/backscatter/
Brenner Report
http://blip.tv/file/3379880
Holdren Letter of Concern
http://www.npr.org/assets/news/2010/05/17/concern.pdf
Federal Court to Hear Oral Argument in Wiretap Abuse Case
On July 8, a federal court in New York heard oral arguments in SEC
v.
Galleon, a case involving the disclosure of federal wiretap recordings.
EPIC filed a "friend of the court" brief, urging the court
to protect
the privacy of innocent individuals who were inadvertently recorded on
the wiretaps. A trial court judge ordered disclosure
of all wiretaps
conducted in a criminal investigation, even though no court has ruled
on the recordings' legality or relevance. EPIC
noted that "hundreds of
thousands of individuals are recorded on wiretaps every year," and "80%
of those personal communications
are wholly unrelated to criminal
activity."
EPIC: SEC v. Galleon
http://epic.org/amicus/sec_v_galleon.html
EPIC: Amicus Brief in SEC v. Galleon
http://epic.org/amicus/EPIC_brief_Rajaratnam.pdf
EPIC: Wiretapping
http://epic.org/privacy/wiretap/
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/
=======================================================================
================================
EPIC Publications:
"Litigation
Under the Federal Open Government Laws 2008," edited by
Harry A. Hammitt, Marc Rotenberg, John A. Verdi, and Mark S. Zaid
(EPIC 2008).
Price: $60.
http://epic.org/bookstore/foia2008/
Litigation Under the Federal Open Government Laws is the most
comprehensive, authoritative discussion of the federal open access
laws. This updated version includes new material regarding the
substantial FOIA amendments enacted on December 31, 2007. Many of
the
recent amendments are effective as of December 31, 2008. The standard
reference work includes in-depth analysis of litigation
under Freedom
of Information Act, Privacy Act, Federal Advisory Committee Act,
Government in the Sunshine Act. The fully updated 2008 volume is the
24th edition of
the manual that lawyers, journalists and researchers
have relied on for more than 25 years.
================================
"Information
Privacy Law: Cases and Materials, Second Edition" Daniel
J. Solove, Marc Rotenberg, and Paul Schwartz. (Aspen 2005). Price: $98.
http://www.epic.org/redirect/aspen_ipl_casebook.html
This clear, comprehensive introduction to the field of information
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Second Edition addresses numerous rapidly developing areas of
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law, including: identity theft, government data mining and electronic
surveillance law, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
Act,
intelligence sharing, RFID tags, GPS, spyware, web bugs, and more.
Information Privacy Law, Second Edition, builds a cohesive
foundation
for an exciting course in this rapidly evolving area of law.
================================
"Privacy & Human Rights
2006: An International Survey of Privacy Laws
and Developments" (EPIC 2007). Price: $75.
http://www.epic.org/phr06/
This annual report by EPIC and Privacy International provides an
overview of key privacy topics and reviews the state of privacy
in over
75 countries around the world. The report outlines legal protections,
new challenges, and important issues and events relating
to privacy.
Privacy & Human Rights 2006 is the most comprehensive report on privacy
and data protection ever published.
================================
"The Public Voice WSIS Sourcebook: Perspectives on the World Summit on
the Information Society" (EPIC 2004). Price: $40.
http://www.epic.org/bookstore/pvsourcebook
This resource promotes a dialogue on the issues, the outcomes, and the
process of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
This
reference guide provides the official UN documents, regional and
issue-oriented perspectives, and recommendations and proposals
for
future action, as well as a useful list of resources and contacts for
individuals and organizations that wish to become more
involved in the
WSIS process.
================================
"The Privacy Law Sourcebook 2004: United States Law, International
Law,
and Recent Developments," Marc Rotenberg, editor (EPIC 2005). Price:
$40.
http://www.epic.org/bookstore/pls2004/
The Privacy Law Sourcebook, which has been called the "Physician's Desk
Reference" of the privacy world, is the leading resource
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attorneys, researchers, and journalists interested in pursuing privacy
law in the United States and around the world.
It includes the full
texts of major privacy laws and directives such as the Fair Credit
Reporting Act, the Privacy Act, and the OECD
Privacy Guidelines, as
well as an up-to-date section on recent developments. New materials
include the APEC Privacy Framework, the
Video Voyeurism Prevention Act,
and the CAN-SPAM Act.
================================
"Filters and Freedom 2.0: Free Speech Perspectives
on Internet Content
Controls" (EPIC 2001). Price: $20.
http://www.epic.org/bookstore/filters2.0
A collection of essays, studies, and critiques of Internet content
filtering. These papers are instrumental in explaining why filtering
threatens free expression.
================================
EPIC publications and other books on privacy, open government, free
expression, crypto and governance can be ordered at:
EPIC Bookstore
http://www.epic.org/bookstore
================================
EPIC also publishes EPIC FOIA Notes, which provides brief summaries of
interesting documents
obtained from government agencies under the
Freedom of Information Act.
Subscribe to EPIC FOIA Notes at:
https:/mailman.epic.org/mailman/listinfo/foia_notes
=======================================================================
[8] Upcoming Conferences and Events
=======================================================================
Privacy and Identity Management for Life
(PrimeLife/IFIP Summer School 2010)
Helsingborg, Sweden, August 2-6, 2010.
For more information:
http://www.cs.kau.se/IFIP-summerschool/
Privacy and Security in the Future Internet
3rd Network and Information Security (NIS'10) Summer School
Crete, Greece, September
13-17 2010.
For more information:
http://www.nis-summer-school.eu
Internet Governance Forum 2010
Vilnius, Lithuania, 14-16 September 2010.
For more information:
http://igf2010.lt/
"32nd Int'l Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners"
Jerusalem, October 2010.
For more information:
http://www.justice.gov.il/MOJEng/RashutTech/News/conference2010.htm
=======================================================================
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Privacy Policy
=======================================================================
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In the event you wish to subscribe or unsubscribe your e-mail address
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About EPIC
=======================================================================
The Electronic Privacy Information Center is
a public interest research
center in Washington, DC. It was established in 1994 to focus public
attention on emerging privacy issues
such as the Clipper Chip, the
Digital Telephony proposal, national ID cards, medical record privacy,
and the collection and sale
of personal information. EPIC publishes the
EPIC Alert, pursues Freedom of Information Act litigation, and conducts
policy research. For more information, see http://www.epic.org or write
EPIC, 1718 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009. +1 202
483 1140 (tel), +1 202 483 1248 (fax).
=======================================================================
Donate to EPIC
=======================================================================
If you'd like to support the work of the
Electronic Privacy Information
Center, contributions are welcome and fully tax-deductible. Checks
should be made out to "EPIC" and
sent to 1718 Connecticut Ave., NW,
Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009. Or you can contribute online at:
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Your contributions will help support Freedom of Information Act and
First Amendment litigation, strong and effective advocacy for the right
of privacy and efforts to oppose government regulation
of encryption and
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Thank you for your support.
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