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Generic Top Level Domain Name (gTLD) Decisions |
Bank of America Corporation v. FN
Publishing Inc.
Claim Number: FA0211000129136
PARTIES
Complainant
is Bank of America Corporation,
Charlotte, NC (“Complainant”) represented by Larry C. Jones, of Alston
& Bird LLP. Respondent is FN Publishing Inc., Port Richey, FL
(“Respondent”).
REGISTRAR AND DISPUTED DOMAIN NAME
The
domain name at issue is <bankofamericascam.com>,
registered with Tucows.
PANEL
The
undersigned certifies that he has acted independently and impartially and to
the best of his knowledge has no known conflict in
serving as Panelist in this
proceeding.
Judge
Harold Kalina (Ret.) as Panelist.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Complainant
submitted a Complaint to the National Arbitration Forum (the “Forum”)
electronically on November 6, 2002; the Forum received
a hard copy of the
Complaint on November 8, 2002.
On
November 7, 2002, Tucows confirmed by e-mail to the Forum that the domain name <bankofamericascam.com> is
registered with Tucows and that Respondent is the current registrant of the name. Tucows has verified that Respondent is bound
by the Tucows registration agreement and has thereby agreed to resolve
domain-name disputes
brought by third parties in accordance with ICANN’s
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy”).
On
November 11, 2002, a Notification of Complaint and Commencement of
Administrative Proceeding (the “Commencement Notification”),
setting a deadline
of December 2, 2002 by which Respondent could file a Response to the Complaint,
was transmitted to Respondent
via e-mail, post and fax, to all entities and
persons listed on Respondent’s registration as technical, administrative and
billing
contacts, and to postmaster@bankofamericascam.com by e-mail.
Having
received no Response from Respondent, using the same contact details and
methods as were used for the Commencement Notification,
the Forum transmitted
to the parties a Notification of Respondent Default.
On
December 17, 2002, pursuant to Complainant’s request to have the dispute
decided by a single-member Panel, the Forum appointed
Judge Harold Kalina
(Ret.)as Panelist.
Having
reviewed the communications records, the Administrative Panel (the “Panel”)
finds that the Forum has discharged its responsibility
under Paragraph 2(a) of
the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”) “to
employ reasonably available
means calculated to achieve actual notice to
Respondent.” Therefore, the Panel may
issue its decision based on the documents submitted and in accordance with the
ICANN Policy, ICANN Rules,
the Forum’s Supplemental Rules and any rules and
principles of law that the Panel deems applicable, without the benefit of any
Response
from Respondent.
RELIEF SOUGHT
Complainant
requests that the domain name be transferred from Respondent to Complainant.
PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS
A.
Complainant
The
<bankofamericascam.com>
domain name is confusingly similar to Complainant's BANK OF AMERICA mark.
Respondent
has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name.
Respondent
registered and used the disputed domain name in bad faith.
B.
Respondent
Respondent
failed to submit a Response.
FINDINGS
Complainant is the largest consumer
bank in the United States and one of the world’s best-known financial
institutions. Complainant has exclusively
used the BANK OF AMERICA mark to identify its banking and financial
services. Complainant holds numerous
registrations for the BANK OF AMERICA mark with the United States Patent and
Trademark Office including
service mark Registration Number 853,860. Complainant also makes use of
<bankofamerica.com> in order to market its financial services.
Respondent, FN Publishing, registered the
disputed domain name on December 10, 2001.
Respondent is using the disputed domain name to redirect Internet users
to <fnpublishing.com>. This
website advertises publishing and technology services. Respondent does not have
permission or a license from Complainant to use
the BANK OF AMERICA mark.
DISCUSSION
Paragraph 15(a) of the Rules instructs this Panel to “decide
a complaint on the basis of the statements and documents submitted in
accordance with the Policy, these Rules and any rules and principles of law
that it deems applicable.”
In view
of Respondent's failure to submit a Response, the Panel shall decide this
administrative proceeding on the basis of the Complainant's
undisputed
representations pursuant to paragraphs 5(e), 14(a) and 15(a) of the Rules and
draw such inferences it considers appropriate
pursuant to paragraph 14(b) of
the Rules.
Paragraph
4(a) of the Policy requires that the Complainant must prove each of the
following three elements to obtain an order that
a domain name should be
cancelled or transferred:
(1) the domain name registered by Respondent
is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which
Complainant has
rights; and
(2)
Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name;
and
(3)
the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
Identical and/or Confusingly Similar
Complainant has established that it has
rights in the BANK OF AMERICA mark through continuous use and registration with
the United
States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”).
Respondent’s <bankofamericascam.com> domain name is confusingly similar to Complainant’s
mark because it incorporates Complainant’s entire mark and merely adds the
word
“scam” to the end and the generic top-level domain “.com.” The addition of a generic term such as
“scam” does not create a distinct mark capable of overcoming a claim of
confusing similarity
because Complainant’s BANK OF AMERICA mark is still the
dominant feature of the domain name. See Arthur Guinness Son & Co. (Dublin)
Ltd. v. Healy/BOSTH, D2001-0026
(WIPO Mar. 23, 2001) (finding confusing similarity where the domain name in
dispute contains the identical mark of Complainant
combined with a generic word
or term); see also Parfums Christian Dior v. 1 Netpower, Inc.,
D2000-0023 (WIPO Mar. 3, 2000) (finding that four domain names that added the
descriptive words "fashion" or "cosmetics"
after the
trademark were confusingly similar to the trademark).
Furthermore, the addition of the generic
top-level domain “.com” does not add any distinctive features because it is a
required element
of all domain names.
Therefore, the addition of “.com” is irrelevant when determining whether
a mark is identical or confusingly similar.
See Pomellato S.p.A v. Tonetti,
D2000-0493 (WIPO July 7, 2000) (finding <pomellato.com> identical to
Complainant’s mark because the generic top-level domain
(gTLD) “.com” after the
name POMELLATO is not relevant); see also
Rollerblade, Inc. v. McCrady,
D2000-0429 (WIPO June 25, 2000) (finding that the top-level of the domain name
such as “.net” or “.com” does not affect the domain
name for the purpose of
determining whether it is identical or confusingly similar).
The Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(i) has
been satisfied.
Rights or Legitimate Interests
Respondent has failed to respond,
therefore it is assumed that Respondent lacks rights and legitimate interests
in the disputed domain
name. When
Complainant asserts a prima facie
case against Respondent, the burden of proof shifts to Respondent to show that
it has rights or legitimate interests pursuant to
Policy ¶ 4(a)(ii). See Do
The Hustle, LLC v. Tropic Web, D2000-0624 (WIPO Aug. 21, 2000) (finding
that once Complainant asserts that Respondent has no rights or legitimate
interests in
respect of the domain, the burden shifts to Respondent to provide
credible evidence that substantiates its claim of rights and legitimate
interests in the domain name); see also
Parfums Christian Dior v. QTR Corp.,
D2000-0023 (WIPO Mar. 9, 2000) (finding that by not submitting a Response,
Respondent has failed to invoke any circumstance which
could demonstrate any
rights or legitimate interests in the domain name).
Furthermore, because Respondent has not
submitted a Response, it is appropriate for the Panel to accept all reasonable
allegations
and inferences in the Complaint as true. See Vertical Solutions
Mgmt., Inc. v. webnet-marketing, inc., FA 95095 (Nat. Arb. Forum July 31,
2000) (failure to respond allows all reasonable inferences of fact in the
allegations of Complainant
to be deemed true); see also Charles Jourdan
Holding AG v. AAIM, D2000-0403 (WIPO June 27, 2000) (finding it appropriate
for the Panel to draw adverse inferences from Respondent’s failure to reply
to
the Complaint).
Respondent is using the disputed domain
name in order to redirect Internet users to <fnpublishing.com>, a website
unconnected
to Complainant’s business.
Because Respondent is known to this Panel as FN Publishing, a name
identical to the website the domain name is directed to, it can
be inferred
that Respondent is using <bankofamericascam.com>
in order to attract Internet users to its website for commercial gain. This type of use is not considered to be in
connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services pursuant to Policy ¶
4(c)(i),
or a legitimate noncommercial or fair use pursuant to Policy ¶
4(c)(iii). See Vapor Blast Mfg. Co. v. R & S Tech., Inc., FA 96577 (Nat.
Arb. Forum Feb. 27, 2001) (finding that Respondent’s commercial use of the
domain name to confuse and divert Internet
traffic is not a legitimate use of
the domain name); see also MSNBC Cable, LLC v. Tysys.com, D2000-1204
(WIPO Dec. 8, 2000) (finding no rights or legitimate interests in the famous
MSNBC mark where Respondent attempted to
profit using Complainant’s mark by
redirecting Internet traffic to its own website).
There is no evidence on record that
Respondent is commonly known by any other name than FN Publishing. Furthermore, Respondent is using the
disputed domain name in order to direct Internet traffic to
<fnpublishing.com>. There is no
mention or use of the BANK OF AMERICA mark or BANK OF AMERICA SCAM. Therefore, Respondent has failed to
establish that it has rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain
name pursuant to Policy
¶ 4(c)(ii) because there is no evidence that it is
commonly known as BANK OF AMERICA SCAM or <bankofamericascam.com>. See Gallup Inc. v. Amish Country Store,
FA 96209 (Nat. Arb. Forum Jan. 23, 2001) (finding that Respondent does not have
rights in a domain name when Respondent is not known
by the mark); see also Compagnie de Saint Gobain v. Com-Union Corp., D2000-0020 (WIPO Mar.
14, 2000) (finding no rights or legitimate interest where Respondent was not
commonly known by the mark and
never applied for a license or permission from
Complainant to use the trademarked name).
The Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(ii)
has been satisfied.
Registration and Use in Bad Faith
Based on the fame of Complainant’s BANK
OF AMERICA mark it can be inferred that Respondent had actual knowledge of
Complainant’s rights
in the mark before it registered the disputed domain
name. Registration of an infringing
domain name, despite knowledge of Complainant’s rights, is evidence of bad
faith pursuant to Policy
¶ 4(a)(iii). See Victoria’s
Cyber Secret Ltd. P’ship v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc., 161 F.Supp.2d 1339, 1349 (S.D.Fla. 2001) (noting that “a
Principal Register registration [of a trademark or service mark] is
constructive
notice of a claim of ownership so as to eliminate any defense of
good faith adoption” pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1072); see also Entrepreneur
Media, Inc. v. Smith, [2002] USCA9 115; 279 F.3d 1135, 1148 (9th
Cir. Feb. 11, 2002) (finding that "[w]here an alleged infringer chooses a
mark he knows to be similar to another, one can
infer an intent to
confuse").
Respondent is using the dispute domain
name in order to direct Internet traffic to its own website. It can be inferred that Respondent is
profiting from this redirection of traffic.
The use of a confusingly similar domain name to cause Internet user
confusion for Respondent’s commercial gain is evidence of bad
faith
registration and use pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(b)(iv). See G.D. Searle & Co.
v. Celebrex Drugstore, FA 123933 (Nat. Arb. Forum Nov. 21, 2002) (finding
that Respondent registered and used the domain name in bad faith pursuant to
Policy ¶ 4(b)(iv) because Respondent was using the confusingly similar domain
name to attract Internet users to its commercial website);
see also Kmart v. Kahn,
FA 127708 (Nat. Arb. Forum Nov. 22, 2002) (finding that if Respondent profits
from its diversionary use of Complainant's mark when
the domain name resolves
to commercial websites and Respondent fails to contest the Complaint, it may be
concluded that Respondent
is using the domain name in bad faith pursuant to
Policy 4(b)(iv)).
The Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(iii)
has been satisfied.
DECISION
Having established all three elements
required under the ICANN Policy, the Panel concludes that the requested relief
shall be hereby
granted.
Accordingly, it is Ordered that the
domain name <bankofamericascam.com>
be transferred from Respondent to
Complainant.
Judge Harold Kalina (Ret.), Panelist
Dated:
December 26, 2002
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